The main business of an investment company is to hold and manage securities for investment purposes. In today competitive market Pricing and its methodology are complicated motions. It is very important to define a price that can prevail the competition in an open and free market. In order to define the price certain circumstances should be considered. In the academic arena there have been seve...

the scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. one of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. to this purpose, this paper uses the p...

The scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. One of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. To this purpose, this paper uses the p...

This paper integrates competitive pricing and network design problems for the short life cycle products. The pricing problem determines selling prices of the products for different life cycle phases in a competitive market, as well as acquisition management of returned products. Besides, the selling and acquisition prices are related to the distance between distribution centers and customers. T...

pricing of goods and services are one of the fundamental instrument of competition and prerequisite for a competetive market is the right to determine prices freely by undertakimgs. competition law has declared discriminative pricing as an anticompetetive practices in many jurisdiction while analysis specially in the scope of intellectual property rights shows that many form of price discrimina...

Pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. This paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. The amount of market demand is influenced ...

This paper considers the advertising, pricing, and service decisions simultaneously to coordinate the supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. The amount of market demand is influenced by advertising, pricing and service decisions. In this paper, three well-known approaches to the game theory, including the Nash, the Stackelberg-retailer, and the cooperative game are exploited to study ...